Studies on Catalytic Side-Chain Oxidation of Nitroaromatics to Aldehydes with Oxygen

The side-chain oxidation of 2-nitrotoluene in liquid phase in the presence of catalytic amount of manganese sulfate and stoichiometric amount of potassium hydroxide with oxygen was studied. In the most favorable conditions, over 80% of conversion of 2-nitrotoluene and 50% of selectivity to 2-nitrobenzaldehyde was achieved. Effects of the reaction parameters on the conversion of the reactant and the selectivity of the product were examined. These results, together with EPR spectroscopic study, show that a benzyl anion was formed in the early stage of the reaction, which was then converted to the final product via a free radical mechanism.     

NdBO_3和 Nd(BO_2)_3的标准生成自由能

用 CaF_2单晶和 ZrO_2(+MgO)为固体电解质分别构成原电池:■和 Pt,B_((s)),NdBO_(3(s)),Nd(BO_2)_(3(s))|ZrO_2|Cr_2O_(3(s)),Cr_((s)),Pt联合测了 NdBO_3和 Nd(BO_2)_3的标准生成自由能:ΔG~0_(NdBO_3)=-1757+3.8×10~(-1)TΔG~0_(Nd)(BO_2)_3=-3435+8.8×10~(-1)T由此求出由氧化物生成 NdBO_3及 Nd((BO_2)_3)的反应的标准生成自由能变化:1/2Nd_2O_(3(s))+1/2B_2O_(3■)=NdBO_(3(s))ΔG~0_(NdBO_3)=-242+1.4×10~(-1)T和 1/2Nd_2O_(3(s))+3/2B_2O_(3(s))=Nd(BO_2)_(3■)ΔG~0′_(NdBO_2)3=-693+4.6×10~(-1)T     

水平井采油指数预测研究

由于水平井水平段井筒摩擦的存在，长水平井的产能不随水平段长度的增加而按比例无限制地增加，因此提出一种新的方法来预测长水平井在考虑井筒摩擦损失时的采油指数，该模型考虑水平井井眼附近地层的损害。研究表明，水平段长度存在一个临界点，使得井筒压降梯度突然增大而采油指数增长率突然减小。此研究可以为水平井现场设计提供理论依据。     

Implicit integration and consistent tangent modulus of a time‐dependent non‐unified constitutive model

This paper describes the implicit integration and consistent tangent modulus of an inelastic constitutive model with transient and steady strain rates, both of which are time‐ and temperature‐dependent; the transient rate is influenced by the evolution of back stress decomposed into parts, while the steady rate depends only on applied stress and temperature. Such a non‐unified model is useful for high‐temperature structural analysis and is practical owing to the ease in determining material constants. The implicit integration is shown to result in two scalar‐valued coupled equations, and the consistent tangent modulus is derived in a quite versatile form by introducing a set of fourth‐rank constitutive parameters into the discretized evolution rule of back stress. The constitutive model is, then, implemented in a finite element program and applied to a lead‐free solder joint analysis. It is demonstrated that the implicit integration is very accurate if the multilinear kinematic hardening model of Ohno and Wang is employed, and that the consistent tangent modulus certainly affords quadratic convergence to the Newton–Raphson iteration in solving nodal force equilibrium equations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光通信技术讲座--(五):WDM系统光节点器件

介绍WDM系统光节点所用到的器件,如波长转换器、光分插复用器及其使用的光隔离器和光环形器.     

喇曼自由电子激光器辐射谱的测量

本文报道了利用微波栅摄谱仪测量在超辐射工作条件下的喇曼自由电子激光器辐射谱的初步结果。观察到了毫米波自由电子激光器的调谐特性。实验结果表明,辐射谱的中心频率随波荡场强度的增加而减小,这与考虑波导模影响的集体制式自由电子激光的有关理论预言相符。     

卸煤机走行部的技术改造

通过对卸煤机走行部的技术改造,提高了工作效率,节省了维修费用。     

降低电解生产槽立柱与水平母线间压接压降方法探讨

通过对电解生产槽立柱与水平母线间压接压降的论述和分析试验，寻求一种降低该压接压降的方法，以达到降低电耗，降低成本，提高电解生产经济效益的目的。     

自由锻锤上冷冲厚板新工艺

介绍了自由锻锤上冷冲厚板工艺的特点和模具主要结构。以及如何解决凸凹模间隙、选用小间隙冲孔时刃口磨损加剧的问题。研制出了降低磨损。提高模具寿命的润滑剂配方。设计了适合自由锻锤上厚板冲孔的模具，对在自由锻锤上厚板冲孔进行了有益的尝试。扩大了自由锻设备的加工范围。解决了不具备大型压力机情形下的生产难题。     

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of finned tube banks in forced convection (effects of fin height on pressure drop characteristics)

In recent years the requirement for the reduction of energy consumption has been increasing to solve the problems of global warming and the shortage of petroleum resources. For example, in the power generation field, as thermal power generation occupied 60% of the power generation demand, considerable improvement of the thermal efficiency is required. This paper describes the pressure drop characteristics of finned tube banks used for heat exchangers in thermal power generation that were clarified by testing serrated finned tube banks with different fin heights for improved heat transfer and conventional spiral finned tube banks with different fin heights, and an equation to predict pressure drop which is necessary for the heat exchanger design is proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(3): 179–193, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20112